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Surface gloss changes in 3D-printed resin materials following different polishing procedures and aging protocols
Ilayda Yumak1, Hayal Boyacioglu2, Lezize Sebnem Turkun3
1Research Assistant, DDS, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, 35040, Turkey.
Backgrounds:
The aim of this study was to compare the gloss values obtained from two different 3D-printed resins and one composite resin following the application of various polishing techniques, and to evaluate their gloss retention after exposure to different aging protocols.
Methods:
Two 3D-printed resins, Varseo Smile Crown (BEGO, Germany) and Saremco Print Crowntec (Saremco Dental, Switzerland) and one composite resin (G-aenial Universal Posterior, A2, GC, Japan) were tested. A total of 280 specimens were fabricated and subjected to four different polishing protocols (Enhance + Twist Dia, Enhance + Polishing paste, Enhance + Twist Dia + Polishing paste, and glazing). An additional group received no polishing and served as the control. Gloss values were measured using a glossmeter (NovoGloss; Rhopoint Instrument, UK) at three time points: after fabrication (T0), after polishing (T1), and after 1- hour aging (T2). After the first measurement, the specimens were subjected to three aging procedures: toothbrushing simulation, exposure to acidic fluoride gel (Elmex Gelée, GABA, Switzerland), and immersion in alcohol (75% ethanol). Distilled water served as the control group. Data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Tamhane's T2 post hoc tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results:
Initial gloss values of both 3D-printed resins were comparable, with glazing achieving the highest gloss. Regardless of the polishing technique, the composite resin exhibited the highest gloss values, with the Enhance + Polishing paste method yielding the best results. Among all aging procedures, toothbrushing mechanical aging resulted in the most significant gloss reduction for all three materials.
Conclusion:
For the composite resin, the Enhance + Polishing paste technique provided the highest gloss. For the 3D-printed resins, glazing was the most effective method in achieving higher gloss. Mechanical aging had the greatest detrimental effect on gloss for all tested materials.
