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Current developments in microextraction procedures for the extraction of antibiotics using deep eutectic solvents and
Zakiyeh Balouch Zehi1, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam2, Mohammadali Torbati3
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Food Chemistry
|November 23, 2025
Summary
Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents offer efficient and selective methods for extracting antibiotic residues from various samples. These green solvents provide high recovery and enrichment, crucial for human health and environmental safety.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Environmental Science
- Green Chemistry
Background:
- Antibiotic residues in food, environmental, and biological samples are a growing public health concern.
- Accurate extraction and analysis of these residues are vital for risk assessment and mitigation.
- Traditional methods often face challenges with efficiency, selectivity, and environmental impact.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advancements in microextraction techniques for antibiotic residue analysis.
- To highlight the application and benefits of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in this field.
- To compare the efficiency, selectivity, and green aspects of these novel solvent systems.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies utilizing ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for microextraction of antibiotics.
- Analysis of extraction efficiency, selectivity, enrichment factors, and recovery rates.
- Evaluation of solvent properties and environmental implications.
Main Results:
- Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents demonstrate high selectivity and efficiency in antibiotic extraction.
- These solvents offer effective sample cleanup, high enrichment factors, and excellent recovery rates.
- They enable reduced solvent and sample consumption, aligning with green chemistry principles.
Conclusions:
- Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are promising green solvents for antibiotic residue analysis.
- Their unique physicochemical properties facilitate efficient separation and preconcentration.
- These microextraction techniques represent a significant advancement in ensuring food and environmental safety.
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