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Digital workforce competencies: A multidimensional scale for the 21st century.

Upasana Singh1, Vijaishri Tewari1, Sudipta Das1

  • 1Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Devghat, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, 211012, U.P., India.

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|November 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Industry 4.0 necessitates a multi-skilled digital workforce. This study develops a 26-item competency scale for Information Technology/Information Technologies Enabled Services (IT/ITES) engineers to address industry needs and employability gaps.

Keywords:
21st-centuryCompetenciesDigital workforceEngineering educationGraduate employabilityMultidimensional competency scaleScale development and validation

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Area of Science:

  • Information Technology
  • Human Resource Management
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Industry 4.0 technologies have driven significant changes across sectors, particularly in Information Technology (IT).
  • There is a recognized need for multi-competent IT professionals, yet the digital workforce competencies construct remains under-researched.
  • A validated scale for essential IT/ITES engineering competencies is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a robust competency scale for recruiting Information Technology/Information Technologies Enabled Services (IT/ITES) engineers.
  • To address the gap in research concerning the digital workforce competencies construct.
  • To provide a tool for assessing and developing industry-ready IT/ITES professionals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from face-to-face expert interviews.
  • Applied the extended Blooms Taxonomy theory to define competency dimensions.
  • Validated a 26-item scale across three different sample sizes.

Main Results:

  • Developed and validated a four-dimensional competency scale comprising 26 items.
  • The scale effectively measures essential competencies for IT/ITES engineers.
  • Demonstrated scale validity across multiple sample sizes.

Conclusions:

  • The validated 26-item scale provides a crucial tool for the IT/ITES industry in recruitment.
  • It aids employers in hiring entry-level talent and assists students in enhancing employability.
  • The scale supports policymakers and educators in preparing a multi-tasking, industry-ready workforce and mitigating unemployment.