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Qualitative Study Exploring Perceptions of Integrating Artificial Intelligence into Future Pharmacy Objective

Ziad G Nasr¹, Abrar Mohamed¹, Hebatalla Almarri¹

¹College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

|November 23, 2025

Summary

Pharmacy faculty and graduates see potential for artificial intelligence (AI) in Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). While AI can improve standardization and feedback, careful implementation is needed to address concerns and ensure educational quality.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence Assessment OSCE Pharmacy education Qualitative

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Pharmacy Education

Background:

Traditional Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) face challenges including grading inconsistencies, lack of standardization, and limited feedback.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has not yet been implemented in pharmacy OSCEs at Qatar University.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore pharmacy faculty and graduates' perceptions of potential future AI integration in OSCEs.
To understand hypothetical AI applications across OSCE design, administration, assessment, and feedback.

Main Methods:

Qualitative study utilizing semi-structured interviews with 12 faculty members.
Five focus groups conducted with 29 pharmacy graduates.
Thematic analysis using Braun and Clarke's reflexive approach.

Main Results:

Five themes emerged: Traditional OSCE Challenges, Perceptions of AI Use, Potential Roles and Benefits of AI, Potential Challenges and Concerns, and Implementation Strategies.
AI is viewed as a supportive tool to enhance standardization, automate tasks, and provide feedback, but concerns exist regarding empathy assessment, bias, and privacy.
Implementation requires piloting, ethical training, institutional readiness, and a combined human-AI model.

Conclusions:

Cautious optimism exists for integrating AI into pharmacy OSCEs.
AI offers potential solutions to OSCE challenges, but gradual implementation is crucial.
Institutional investment, stakeholder training, and policy frameworks are vital for successful AI integration in pharmacy assessment.