Continuous glucose monitoring in high-risk individuals

In recent years, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become a major means of monitoring blood glucose in diabetic patients, reducing the need for frequent fingertip blood collection compared to traditional glucose monitoring. For children and pregnant patients, this can effectively improve the psychological discomfort of these two groups of high-risk patients, increasing compliance and further optimizing blood glucose. Some derived metrics, such as time in range and glycemic variability, are effective in predicting diabetic microvascular and macrovascular lesions, further contributing to optimized glycemic management. CGM effectively reduces the incidence of extreme blood glucose values by providing continuous ambulatory blood glucose data, avoiding excessive high or low blood glucose. Based on this advantage, in the elderly population, hypoglycemia can be effectively identified from other neurological disorders, which reduces the adverse consequences of hypoglycemia and helps clinicians to take better countermeasures. However, the accuracy of CGM can be affected by various factors and often requires frequent calibration. Additionally, for individuals with sensitive skin, it may cause dermatological issues. This paper systematically summarizes the glycemic characteristics of different diabetic patients with high risk factors, the advantages and limitations of applying CGM, and proposes the direction of upgrading and changing CGM devices in the future. Meanwhile, more clinical studies are needed to further clarify the criteria for glycemic control of CGM in different populations.