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Perforated neonatal appendicitis: an uncommon surgical emergency
Fatemeh Akbarpoor1, Jonathan Mokhtar2, Elham Bashiri1
1College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.
BMJ Case Reports
|November 23, 2025
Summary
Neonatal appendicitis, a rare condition, presents diagnostic challenges. Early surgical intervention and supportive care are crucial for favorable outcomes in affected infants.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Neonatal Medicine
- Gastrointestinal Pathology
Background:
- Neonatal appendicitis is a rare but severe condition.
- It often mimics other neonatal abdominal pathologies, complicating diagnosis.
- Non-specific symptoms like fever and abdominal distension are common.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a case of neonatal appendicitis.
- To review the diagnostic challenges and management strategies for this condition.
- To emphasize the importance of early surgical intervention.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a full-term neonate with perforated appendix.
- Review of existing literature on neonatal appendicitis.
- Analysis of diagnostic imaging and surgical outcomes.
Main Results:
- A previously healthy neonate presented with fever and abdominal distension.
- Imaging revealed pneumoperitoneum, leading to exploratory laparotomy.
- A perforated appendix was identified and surgically removed (appendectomy).
- The patient recovered well with antibiotics and supportive care.
Conclusions:
- Neonatal appendicitis requires high clinical suspicion due to non-specific symptoms.
- Prompt diagnosis through imaging and timely surgical intervention are vital.
- Successful management involves appendectomy, antibiotics, and supportive care.
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