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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry
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Preselection CD4+CD8+ thymocytes modulate TCR responsiveness following TCRβ selection.

Esther Jeong Yoon Kim1, Dominik A Aylard1,2, Zoë Steier3,4,5

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T-cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity in thymocytes gradually decreases before positive selection, impacting T cell development and lineage commitment. This study reveals dynamic changes in preselection thymocytes, influencing their response to selection signals.

Keywords:
T cellscell differentiationsignal transductionsingle-cell sequencingthymus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Positive selection of thymocytes is crucial for T cell development, preventing autoimmunity and ensuring proper lineage commitment.
  • Preselection DP thymocytes were considered a homogeneous population with high T-cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity.
  • TCR modulation during the preselection stage had not been previously characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential gene expression changes and TCR responsiveness in preselection DP thymocytes.
  • To understand the dynamic modulation of TCR sensitivity during T cell development.
  • To explore the relationship between TCR modulation, positive selection, and T cell lineage commitment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression profiles in preselection DP thymocytes.
  • Assessment of TCR responsiveness to varying ligand affinities.
  • Evaluation of TCR target gene upregulation related to CD4 lineage commitment.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of progressive gene expression changes within the preselection DP thymocyte population.
  • A correlated gradual loss of TCR responsiveness was observed.
  • A defect in upregulating TCR target genes associated with the CD4 fate was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Preselection DP thymocytes are not homogeneous and undergo dynamic TCR modulation.
  • Progressive changes in TCR sensitivity influence thymocyte response to selection signals.
  • These findings link TCR modulation during preselection to T cell lineage commitment and positive selection outcomes.