Live visualization of extracellular matrix dynamics during development and regeneration in zebrafish

Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays fundamental roles in animal development, regeneration, and disease. The difficulty of tagging endogenous matrix proteins in vertebrates has limited the understanding of ECM composition and dynamics in complex tissues. To visualize vertebrate ECM components, we tagged zebrafish Laminin, gamma 1 (Lamc1), Collagen, type I, alpha 2 (Col1a2), and Transforming growth factor, beta-induced (Tgfbi) using C-terminus in-fusion genome editing. Analysis of these knock-in lines revealed distinct expression of each protein in various tissues during development and regeneration. Fluorescent recover after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis further indicated that Lamc1 is stable in fin fold matrix but more dynamic in myoseptal matrix of developing zebrafish, while Col1a2 and Tgfbi are stable matrix components in myosepta. Strikingly, we found that Col1a2-mScarlet protein accumulates at the amputation plane during tailfin regeneration, where it remains concentrated for several days and distant from the regeneration blastema. This "foundation" region also displayed a distinct transcriptome suggesting active and dedicated events at the base of the regenerating appendage. Our resource enables live capture of ECM dynamics that can identify new events in developing and regenerating zebrafish.