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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...

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Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis in Pregnancy.

Akshit Tuli1, Alan Shaji1, Vikas Bhatia2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

The Neurohospitalist
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), a rare brain disorder, can cause rapid neurological decline. Prompt diagnosis and corticosteroid treatment led to full recovery in a pregnant patient, ensuring a healthy infant and long-term maternal health.

Keywords:
acute disseminateddemyelinating diseasesencephalomyelitishemorrhagicleukoencephalitispregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare, severe variant of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.
  • AHLE is an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder affecting the brain.
  • This condition presents with rapid neurological deterioration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of AHLE in a pregnant woman.
  • To highlight diagnostic neuroimaging findings.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in AHLE.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 27-year-old pregnant woman with AHLE.
  • Clinical presentation including fever, aphasia, and seizures.
  • Neuroimaging for diagnosis and response to high-dose corticosteroid therapy.

Main Results:

  • Prompt diagnosis was achieved through characteristic neuroimaging findings.
  • The patient showed a dramatic response to high-dose corticosteroids.
  • Full neurological recovery was observed post-treatment.

Conclusions:

  • AHLE, though rare, is treatable with prompt diagnosis and intervention.
  • High-dose corticosteroid therapy is effective in AHLE management.
  • Successful treatment allowed for a healthy pregnancy outcome and long-term maternal recovery.