Immunophenotypic patterns in paediatric acute leukaemia: A flowcytometry-based prospective observational study in
Rashmi Rati1, Arvind Kumar1, Sunil Kumar Mahto1
1Department of Pathology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
Introduction:
Acute leukaemia is a rapidly progressive haematopoietic disorder affecting bone marrow, leading to excessive production of immature blast cells. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in adults accounts for 80-90% of cases of acute leukaemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), common in childhood, comprises 12% of all leukaemia. Immunophenotyping using flow cytometry is crucial for classifying leukaemia into AML and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) subtypes, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to analyze the different immunophenotypic patterns in paediatric leukaemia by flow cytometry.
Materials And Methods:
This prospective observational study included 54 diagnosed cases of paediatric acute leukaemia on bone marrow studies. Furthermore, it is classified by multiparametric flowcytometry.
Results:
Among 54 cases, 30 (56%) were ALL and 24 (44%) were AML. Among ALL cases, 21 (70%) were B ALL and 9 (30%) were T ALL. The most common symptoms were fever (91%) and fatigue (96%). Immunophenotyping showed B ALL cases expressing CD10 (86%), CD19 (81%), and CD79a (81%), while T ALL cases predominantly expressed sCD3 (66%), CD5 (89%), and CD7 (89%). AML cases exhibited CD13 (83%), CD33 (88%), and cMPO (88%).
Conclusion:
Flow cytometry is a highly accurate tool for differentiating leukaemia subtypes. Immunophenotyping plays a crucial role in diagnosis, classification, and treatment planning for Paediatric leukaemia.
