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Engineered Cyclodextrin-Starch Hydrogels for pH-Triggered Drug Release.

Adrielle C Reis¹, Raphaela P Guaringue¹, Vinicius M Schaffka¹

¹Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Characterization and Modeling (LEsCaM), Department of Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, CEP: 84030-900.

|November 24, 2025

Summary

Optimized starch and β-cyclodextrin hydrogels show pH-responsive drug release. Sample HG14 effectively delivers hydrocortisone to the intestine via Fickian diffusion, avoiding premature release.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

Hydrogels are promising for oral drug delivery, offering controlled release.
Optimizing hydrogel formulation for specific drug release profiles remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and optimize pH-responsive hydrogels using modified starch and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) for oral drug delivery.
To investigate the influence of formulation on hydrogel properties and drug release kinetics.

Main Methods:

Starch and βCD were modified with GMA to introduce polymerizable vinyl groups.
Hydrogels were synthesized via free radical polymerization and optimized using a simplex-centroid design.
Hydrogel swelling, morphology (SEM), and hydrocortisone release were evaluated at different pH values.

Main Results:

A mathematical model predicted optimal hydrogel compositions for pH-responsive swelling.
SEM showed pH-dependent porous structures within the hydrogels.
Only sample HG14 demonstrated effective pH-responsive release of hydrocortisone, following Fickian diffusion kinetics.

Conclusions:

Optimized hydrogel formulations are crucial for achieving targeted oral drug delivery.
The developed hydrogel (HG14) shows potential as an advanced material for intestinal drug delivery due to its controlled, pH-responsive release characteristics.