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TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

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Graphene Oxide (GO) Coating on Reticulated Open-Cell Mullite (ROM) Foams for Enhancing Antibacterial Activity.

Wadwan Singhapong¹, Angkhana Jaroenworaluck¹, Watchara Chokevivat¹

¹National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.

|November 24, 2025

Summary

Graphene oxide (GO) powders and coatings on mullite foams exhibit potent antibacterial properties. Ten cycles of GO coating on reticulated open-cell mullite foams demonstrated significant efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus.

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Published on: July 3, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology
Biomaterials

Background:

Graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized using a modified Hummers' method.
Reticulated open-cell mullite (ROM) foams are fabricated via a replica method.
Nano silica (nSiO2) derived from rice husk (RH) is utilized in mullite foam fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) in powder and coating forms.
To enhance the antibacterial properties of reticulated open-cell mullite (ROM) foams using GO coatings.
To analyze the microstructure and antibacterial efficacy of GO-coated ROM foams.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of GO via modified Hummers' method.
Fabrication of ROM foams using nano silica from rice husk and alumina, followed by sintering.
Dip-coating of ROM foams with GO aqueous solutions for 3, 5, and 10 cycles.
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) for microstructural analysis.
Antibacterial testing against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using ASTM E2149.

Main Results:

Synthesized GO powders demonstrated effective antibacterial properties.
Microstructural analysis confirmed successful multilayered GO coating on ROM foams.
Ten cycles of GO coating resulted in the most significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria.

Conclusions:

Graphene oxide exhibits significant antibacterial potential in both powder and coated forms.
GO-coated ROM foams offer enhanced antibacterial performance, with increased coating cycles improving efficacy.
This study highlights the potential of GO-modified mullite foams for antibacterial applications.