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Epidemiological Profile and Mortality Patterns of Fatal Burn Injuries: A Retrospective Autopsy-Based Study From North
Arushi Verma1, R Sivasankary1, Neha Soibam1
1Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.
Cureus
|November 24, 2025
Summary
Fatal burn injuries in India disproportionately affect young women in domestic settings, with septicemia being the primary cause of death. Improving domestic fire safety and early medical intervention are crucial for prevention and management.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Burn injuries are a major cause of unnatural deaths in India, particularly impacting women in domestic environments.
- Understanding the epidemiological profile and autopsy findings of fatal burn cases is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the epidemiological characteristics of fatal burn cases.
- To analyze autopsy findings in burn-related deaths.
- To identify patterns and determinants of burn mortality in North India.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective autopsy-based study of 25 confirmed burn death cases.
- Data collected from October 2018 to May 2025 at AIIMS Rishikesh.
- Analysis of victim demographics, incident circumstances, burn severity, and cause of death.
Main Results:
- Majority of victims were young adults (20-39 years), with a female predominance (56%).
- Most incidents occurred at home (76%) during winter (68%), with flame burns being most common (84%).
- Septicemia (76%) was the leading cause of death, with survival inversely related to burn surface area (>40% TBSA).
Conclusions:
- Fatal burn injuries in India present a significant public health challenge, particularly for young women.
- Findings highlight the need for enhanced domestic fire safety measures and prompt medical care.
- Effective implementation of government initiatives is crucial for burn injury prevention and management.
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