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Evaluation of Hypertension in Pediatric Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (A Cross-Sectional Study)

Mahdi Banaei Nourmohammadi1, Fahimeh Askarian2, Arash Abbasi2

  • 1Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.

Health Science Reports
|November 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension (HTN) affects nearly half of children with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a kidney condition. This HTN is linked to heart issues and low potassium, highlighting the need for close monitoring in pediatric HUS patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Health in Children
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), especially Shiga toxin-producing *Escherichia coli* (STEC)-associated HUS, is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children.
  • Hypertension (HTN) is a known complication of HUS, but its prevalence and risk factors in pediatric populations are understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HTN in children diagnosed with HUS.
  • To identify clinical correlates and potential risk factors associated with HTN in these patients, including laboratory findings and cardiac involvement.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 50 pediatric HUS patients hospitalized between 2021 and 2024.
  • Data collection included blood pressure, BMI, renal function markers, and echocardiographic findings.
  • Statistical analysis utilized SPSS v26, employing t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests to analyze associations.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension (HTN) was present in 48% of the pediatric HUS patients.
  • HTN showed significant associations with hypokalemia (p=0.011) and cardiac involvement (p=0.045).
  • No significant associations were found between HTN and age, sex, BMI, HUS type, urea, creatinine, or hemoglobin levels.

Conclusions:

  • This study underscores the significant prevalence of HTN in pediatric HUS patients.
  • HTN in HUS is associated with cardiac complications and electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia.
  • Routine blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular assessments are crucial for managing pediatric HUS, with recommendations for lifelong follow-up.
Abstract

Keywords:
E. coliacute kidney injuryhemolytic uremic syndromehypertensionpediatric

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