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Published on: December 19, 2020
Evaluation of Chest CT Scan Findings in Pediatric Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Descriptive Study
Mohammad Hadi Gharib1,2, Dayan Amanian1, Reza Zahedpasha3,4
1School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan Iran.
Insights
Pediatric COVID-19 commonly shows ground-glass opacities and consolidation, often in the lungs' periphery. These chest CT findings in children differ from adults, aiding in diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Radiology
- Pediatric Imaging
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- COVID-19 severity varies in children.
- Accurate diagnosis and screening require characteristic chest CT features.
- Understanding pediatric COVID-19 CT patterns is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate CT patterns in pediatric COVID-19 cases.
- To enhance diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 in children.
- To identify key radiological features in pediatric COVID-19.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study of 42 pediatric COVID-19 patients.
- Analysis of chest CT scans using a 14-item checklist.
- Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test for data analysis.
Main Results:
- Ground-glass opacities (92.9%) and consolidation (54.8%) were most common.
- These findings were significantly associated with peripheral and lower zone lung involvement.
- Pleural effusion was rare (4.8%); pericardial effusion and lymphadenopathy were absent.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric COVID-19 commonly presents with GGO, consolidation, and peripheral lung lesions.
- CT findings in children differ from adults, particularly regarding pleural effusion.
- These distinct patterns can refine diagnostic strategies for pediatric COVID-19.
Background And Aims:
COVID-19 in children presents with varying severity. Identifying characteristic chest CT features is essential for accurate diagnosis and screening. This study aimed to evaluate CT patterns in pediatric COVID-19 cases to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed chest CT scans of 42 children with confirmed COVID-19 at Children's Hospital, Gorgan, Iran. A 14-item checklist assessed demographics, lung involvement, and radiological features. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test were used for analysis.
Results:
Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were the most common finding (92.9%), followed by consolidation (54.8%). Both were significantly associated with peripheral distribution (p < 0.001) and lower zone involvement (p < 0.001 for GGO, p ≈ 0.002 for consolidation). Lesions affected peripheral lung zones (45.24%) or both central and peripheral zones (40.48%), with consolidation predominantly in the latter (p < 0.001). Notably, 7.1% of children had no visible lung lesions. Cases with < 25% lung involvement showed significant correlation with GGO (p < 0.001). Pleural effusion was observed in 4.8%, while pericardial effusion and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were absent.
Conclusion:
Pediatric COVID-19 commonly presents with GGO, consolidation, and peripheral lung lesions, with rare occurrence of features such as pleural effusion compared to adults. These differences may refine diagnostic strategies for pediatric populations.
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