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Related Concept Videos

The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

10.0K
Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Assaying Proteasomal Degradation in a Cell-free System in Plants
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Assaying Proteasomal Degradation in a Cell-free System in Plants

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Proteasome: Role in T Cell Function Regulation.

Dongyang Tang1,2, Xiaoran Wu1,2, Josh Haipeng Lei1,2

  • 1Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteasome inhibitors are effective in liquid cancers but not solid tumors. Understanding their role in T cell immunity may unlock new cancer immunotherapy strategies.

Keywords:
anti-tumor immunityautoimmune diseasesproteasomeproteasome inhibitors

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Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

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Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries
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Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

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Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries
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Identification of Mediators of T-cell Receptor Signaling via the Screening of Chemical Inhibitor Libraries

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The proteasome is crucial for protein homeostasis and cellular functions.
  • Current proteasome inhibitors show efficacy in liquid cancers but limited success in solid tumors.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the proteasome's role in T cell function beyond protein degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of proteasome activity in T cell biology.
  • To explore the impact of proteasome inhibitors on T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.
  • To identify novel therapeutic strategies for solid cancers and autoimmune diseases using proteasome inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current knowledge on proteasome function in T cells.
  • Exploration of proteasome's influence on T cell selection, aging, activation, differentiation, and immune evasion.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies like CRISPR editing, single-cell proteomics, and AI-driven drug design.

Main Results:

  • The proteasome significantly influences T cell fate, including antigen processing, metabolic reprogramming, and preventing exhaustion.
  • Proteasome inhibitors can modulate T cell-mediated antitumor immunity, potentially explaining their differential efficacy in various cancers.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into overcoming resistance in solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • The proteasome's role in T cell immunity is critical for its therapeutic potential in cancer.
  • Targeting the proteasome offers promising avenues for developing novel immunotherapies for solid tumors.
  • Advanced technologies may expand the application of proteasome inhibitors in treating cancer and autoimmune diseases.