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Investigating Prospective Memory Processes: ERP Evidence from Novel Semantic Judgment Tasks.

Eliza Baby1, Shraddha A Shende2, Sally Grace Rogers1

  • 1College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA.

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|November 24, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces novel picture-based tasks to explore prospective memory (PM) retrieval. Findings reveal distinct behavioral and neural patterns, offering a new framework for understanding PM.

Keywords:
ERPcognitionelectrophysiologyevent-related potentialsfuture intentionsprospective memorysemantic judgmentyoung adults

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Prospective memory (PM) is crucial for daily functioning, involving future intention planning and execution.
  • Understanding the neural basis of PM retrieval, especially with visual cues, remains incomplete.
  • Existing research often lacks tasks that specifically isolate PM processes like intention formation, retention, and retrieval.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate two novel picture-based semantic-judgment prospective memory tasks: the Animal-cued Prospective Retrieval Task (Ac-PRT) and the Object-cued Prospective Retrieval Task (Oc-PRT).
  • To investigate the behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying intention formation, retention, and retrieval within these tasks.
  • To examine category-specific differences in cognitive and neural processes between the Ac-PRT and Oc-PRT.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three young adults (18-30 years) performed the Ac-PRT and Oc-PRT while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded.
  • Tasks included Cue trials (intention formation), Ongoing trials (intention retention), and PM Retrieval trials (intention retrieval).
  • Behavioral data (response time, accuracy) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Participants were slower in Ongoing trials and less accurate in PM Retrieval trials.
  • The Ac-PRT yielded faster and more accurate responses than the Oc-PRT during Ongoing and PM Retrieval trials.
  • Distinct ERP components (P2, N2, N4, Parietal Positivity) showed differential activity across trial types and tasks, indicating unique neural signatures for PM processes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ac-PRT and Oc-PRT effectively differentiate core prospective memory processes.
  • Behavioral and neural findings highlight category-specific mechanisms influencing PM performance.
  • These tasks provide a valuable framework for future research on PM in diverse populations, including aging and clinical groups.