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Disrupted Value-Directed Strategic Processing in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Behavioral and Neural

Lydia T Nguyen1, Elizabeth A Lydon2, Shraddha A Shende2

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Summary

Value-directed strategic processing, crucial for memory, is impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Individuals with MCI showed deficits in recalling high-value information and distinct neural activity patterns compared to controls.

Keywords:
EEGalphamild cognitive impairmentstrategic processingtheta

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Value-directed strategic processing prioritizes high-value information and inhibits low-value information.
  • This cognitive function is generally maintained in healthy aging but declines in dementia.
  • Its status in earlier stages like mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral and neural differences in value-directed strategic processing between individuals with MCI and cognitively normal older adults.
  • To determine if MCI disrupts the ability to selectively attend to and recall high-value information.
  • To explore the electroencephalogram (EEG) correlates of impaired value-directed processing in MCI.

Main Methods:

  • A value-directed list learning task was administered to 18 individuals with MCI and 18 age-matched controls.
  • Behavioral data on word recall (total, high-value, low-value) were collected.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded to analyze neural synchronization patterns (theta and alpha bands).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with MCI recalled fewer total and high-value words than controls, with no difference in low-value recall.
  • MCI participants exhibited reduced theta synchronization early in processing (100-200 ms) compared to controls.
  • Controls showed differential alpha desynchronization for high- versus low-value words, a pattern absent in the MCI group.

Conclusions:

  • Value-directed strategic processing is compromised in individuals with MCI, affecting both behavioral recall and neural activity.
  • These findings highlight specific cognitive and neural deficits in MCI that differentiate it from typical aging.
  • The study provides evidence for early-stage cognitive decline impacting selective attention and memory encoding strategies.