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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus
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Short-Term Modulation of Epileptic Network with Low-Frequency Thalamic Stimulation.

Sotaro Kanai1, Atsuro Daida1, Saarang Panchavati2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brief thalamic stimulation rapidly modulates epileptic brain networks, reducing seizure spread by decreasing activity in early-propagating regions and increasing influence toward the seizure onset zone. This offers new insights into neuromodulation for epilepsy.

Keywords:
Closed-loop neurostimulationDeep brain stimulationEpileptogenic networkResponsive neurostimulationThalamic reticular nucleusThalamocortical network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Engineering

Background:

  • Thalamic neuromodulation is a promising therapy for epilepsy when surgical resection is not possible.
  • The precise mechanisms by which thalamic stimulation affects epileptic network dynamics are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if brief thalamic stimulation can transiently alter cortico-cortical activity and coupling within patient-specific epileptic networks.
  • To identify sub-second electrophysiological markers of thalamic stimulation's effects on seizure propagation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 10 epilepsy patients undergoing stereo-EEG targeting anterior or centromedian thalamic nuclei.
  • Delivered low-frequency (1 Hz) single-pulse thalamic stimulations during wakefulness.
  • Analyzed changes in spectral power and Granger causality in cortical contacts post-stimulation (15-900 ms) compared to baseline.

Main Results:

  • Thalamic stimulation rapidly decreased power in early-propagating regions and seizure onset zones.
  • Directed interactions (Granger causality) showed a modest increase, particularly toward the seizure onset zone.
  • Nucleus-specific effects were observed, with anterior thalamic stimulation showing prominent effects in limbic epilepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Thalamic stimulation induces rapid, nucleus-specific network modulation, rebalancing cortico-cortical coupling.
  • Findings support a model where thalamic input limits seizure propagation by altering cortico-cortical interactions.
  • Identified sub-second markers for network-informed neuromodulation, guiding treatment parameter selection.