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Comparing Virtual Reality Trauma Training Across Diverse Clinical Backgrounds: A Mixed-Methods Study in Canada And
Boaz Laor1, Samia Benabess1, Shreenik Kundu2
1McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Journal of Surgical Education
|November 24, 2025
Summary
Virtual reality (VR) simulation effectively trains pediatric trauma care, especially for novices in low-resource settings like India. This immersive technology offers significant confidence gains and addresses educational gaps where traditional simulation is limited.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Simulation Technology
- Global Health Equity
Background:
- Virtual reality (VR) simulation is a cost-effective, immersive tool for trauma training.
- Its effectiveness may vary between high- and low-resource settings due to disparities in training and resources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the technology acceptance, effectiveness, usability, and confidence gains of a VR pediatric trauma training module in India and Canada.
- To correlate demographic factors and prior experience with learning outcomes and cybersickness.
Main Methods:
- A prospective quasi-experimental study involving 60 participants (paramedics, medical officers, nurses, technicians, students) aged 25-35.
- Participants completed assessments including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), System Usability Scale (SUS), VR Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ), and a confidence survey.
- Training was conducted in India and Canada.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in outcomes based on gender, age, or prior VR use.
- Novices without prior trauma training reported higher TAM scores.
- Confidence gains were significantly lower in participants with prior trauma training.
- VR simulation training was significantly less common in India (11.1%) compared to Canada (85%).
- Perceived usefulness and confidence increase were significantly higher in India (82%, 30.6%) than in Canada (65.6%, 14.4%).
Conclusions:
- VR simulation is a feasible and accepted method for pediatric trauma training.
- The technology demonstrates the greatest benefit in resource-limited settings and for individuals with no prior trauma training.
- Minimal cybersickness was reported, supporting VR's use as an adjunct to standard training methods.
- VR can help bridge trauma education gaps, particularly where prior simulation experience is limited.
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