[Prescription of Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs for Sleep Disorders in General Practice: A Qualitative Study]

Sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, are a common reason for consultation in general practice. Among the approved treatment options are benzodiazepines (BZ) and benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRA). However, these medications carry a risk of dependence. The extent to which the risk of medication dependence influences the treatment decisions of general practitioners (GPs) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the spectrum of awareness regarding dependency potential of these drugs and prescribing practices.

As part of an exploratory qualitative interview study, 17 general practitioners from the districts of Tübingen, Reutlingen, and Zollernalb were interviewed. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz. A subsequent cross-analysis focused on addiction medicine aspects.

Seven relevant dimensions with an addiction medicine focus emerged: (1) assessment of substances, (2) patient education, (3) prescribing in the context of expectations from patients, relatives, and caregivers, (4) prescription type, (5) older patients, (6) younger patients, (7) duration of prescription, and (8) assumption of responsibility. It became evident that dimensions 1-6 should be considered influencing factors for the assumption of responsibility.

Clear differences in the assumption of responsibility regarding the prescription of BZ/BZRA for sleep disorders in general practice were observed. The influencing factors identified could serve as starting points for promoting responsibility in prescribing. In this context, information and training on addiction medicine aspects could play a crucial role.