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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

Published on: May 29, 2012

Low-Frequency Label-Free Raman Imaging of Cells.

Artem A Trubitsyn^1,2, Olga D Parashchuk¹, Ivan V Chicherin³

¹Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/62, Moscow 119991, Russia.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A

|November 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Label-free low-frequency Raman imaging maps nucleic acid (NA) organization in cells. This technique reveals differences in DNA packing in normal versus damaged cells, offering insights into cellular organization.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Spectroscopy

Background:

Nucleic acid (NA) conformation and compaction are crucial for biological functions but challenging to study in vivo.
Existing noninvasive techniques have limitations in assessing NA organization within living cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate label-free low-frequency (LF) Raman imaging for mapping NA conformation and compaction in eukaryotic cells.
To differentiate NA organization between cellular compartments and in response to DNA damage.

Main Methods:

Development and application of label-free low-frequency Raman imaging.
Analysis of spectral differences between nuclear and cytoplasmic NA.
Comparison of NA packing in normal and DNA-damaged cells.

Main Results:

LF Raman spectra differ significantly between the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating ordered nucleotide arrangement and compact DNA packing.
Distinct NA packing patterns were observed in normal cells compared to cells with DNA damage.
The technique provides insights into the organization, not just the composition, of NAs.

Conclusions:

LF Raman imaging is a powerful noninvasive tool for studying nucleic acid organization in vivo.
This method complements high-frequency Raman imaging by revealing structural organization.
The approach has potential for broader applications in studying biomolecular systems.