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Ultrafast one-chip optical receiver with functional metasurface.

Go Soma¹, Tomohiro Akazawa², Eisaku Kato²

¹School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. go.soma@tlab.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

Nature Communications

|November 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel optical receiver platform uses a silicon metasurface and membrane photodetectors for high-speed data transmission. This scalable solution efficiently processes multiple optical signals, including advanced modulation formats like PAM4 and 64QAM.

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Nanophotonics
Optical Communications

Background:

High-speed optical receivers are essential for modern communication systems.
Conventional photonic integrated circuits (PICs) face limitations in spatial scaling due to their waveguide nature, restricting parallel data transmission.
Harnessing all degrees of freedom (DOFs) of light is key for efficient data transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a scalable optical receiver platform that overcomes the limitations of traditional PICs.
To fully exploit the spatial parallelism and ultrabroad bandwidth of light.
To integrate all DOFs (intensity, phase, polarization) for enhanced optical signal detection.

Main Methods:

Integration of a thin metasurface composed of silicon nanoposts with ultrafast membrane photodetectors on a compact chip.
Utilizing the metasurface for functionalities of conventional PICs with normal-incident light.
Demonstrating high-speed detection of various optical signal modulation formats.

Main Results:

The developed platform enables high-speed detection of optical signals in diverse modulation formats.
Simultaneous detection of 320-gigabit-per-second (Gbps) four-channel four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signals was achieved.
Coherent detection of 240-Gbps 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (64QAM) signals was successfully demonstrated.

Conclusions:

The presented metasurface-integrated optical receiver offers a scalable solution for high-capacity optical communication.
This platform effectively leverages light's spatial parallelism and broad bandwidth for advanced signal processing.
The technology enables efficient detection of complex modulation formats, paving the way for next-generation optical networks.