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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • The development of advanced energetic materials (EMs) is crucial for applications requiring high energy output.
  • There is a pressing need for EMs that balance superior performance with reduced sensitivity, improved thermal stability, and environmental acceptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel poly-nitro C-C bonded 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole-based tricyclic energetic materials.
  • To evaluate the detonation performance, sensitivity, and thermal stability of these new compounds and their energetic salts.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of poly-nitro triazole-based tricyclic compounds.
  • Characterization of detonation velocity (VD), detonation pressure (P), impact sensitivity (IS), and friction sensitivity (FS).
  • Thermal stability assessment using decomposition temperature measurements.

Main Results:

  • Hexa-nitro compound 9 demonstrated excellent detonation performance (VD: 8874 m s-1, P: 34.4 GPa) with moderate insensitivity (IS: 15 J).
  • Energetic salts (5-7) showed VD of 7787-8379 m s-1, P of 21.9-34.4 GPa, high thermal stability (190°C-194°C), and superior insensitivity (IS: 40 J, FS: 360 N).
  • These new EMs exhibit performance comparable to or exceeding RDX and TNT in key safety and performance metrics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed poly-nitro triazole-based EMs offer a promising combination of high energy density, acceptable thermal stability, and reduced sensitivity.
  • These compounds represent next-generation explosives that effectively balance performance, safety, and stability.
  • The findings contribute to the design of safer and more effective energetic materials for various applications.