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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
Published on: October 31, 2025
Rising rates of non-invasive ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A propensity score-matched analysis
Emilie Goffinon1, Dominique A Badr2, Nicolas Lefèvre3
1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. emilie.goffinon@ulb.be.
Background:
Given the multiple risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the impact of advances in early respiratory management, particularly non-invasive ventilation, remains uncertain.
Methods:
The early respiratory management and outcomes in 593 infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestational age were retrospectively analyzed. The combined rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-mortality was compared across four propensity score-matched periods (2007-2010, 2011-2014, 2015-2018, 2019-2022).
Results:
Delivery room intubation rate decreased from 54% to 36.7% (P < 0.001). Surfactant administration was delayed in the first three periods from 0.33 to 1.5 h (P < 0.001). The composite outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia rose from 14.9% to 39.8% over time, while mortality alone remained stable. In parallel, non-invasive ventilation duration increased with an adjusted mean difference of 21.98 days in 2019-2022.
Conclusion:
The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia continues to rise for very preterm infants, despite changes in early respiratory management and the increased use of non-invasive ventilation.
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