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PgFLC/PgFT Regulation by the PgDOF3.4-PgULT1-PgLHP1 Module Mediates the Low Temperature to Promote Flowering in
Guanzhuo Kong1,2, Qiaofang Shi1,2, Jintao Zheng1,2
1College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
Physalis grisea flowering is regulated by epigenetic factors. ULTRAPETALA1 (PgULT1) and LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN-PROTEIN 1 (PgLHP1) interact to control flowering time, with low temperatures promoting it by suppressing these genes.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Epigenetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Flowering is crucial for plant reproduction and survival.
- Environmental factors significantly influence flowering time.
- Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly those involving Trithorax Group (TrxG) proteins, regulate flowering but are poorly understood in Physalis grisea under low temperatures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the role of TrxG-mediated epigenetic modifications in Physalis grisea flowering under low-temperature stress.
- To investigate the interaction between TrxG and Polycomb Group (PcG) members in regulating flowering time.
Main Methods:
- Overexpression of key genes (PgULT1, PgDOF3.4) in Physalis grisea.
- Protein-protein interaction assays (e.g., yeast two-hybrid).
- Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) to analyze histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27me3) at target gene promoters.
- Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to assess gene expression levels under varying temperatures.
Main Results:
- Overexpression of ULTRAPETALA1 (PgULT1) delayed flowering, but low temperatures promoted flowering.
- PgULT1 interacts with LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN-PROTEIN 1 (PgLHP1) and DNA-BINDING-ONE-FINGER 3.4 (PgDOF3.4).
- These interactions regulate H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 epigenetic marks at FLOWERING LOCUS C (PgFLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (PgFT) promoters, influencing their transcription and thus flowering time. Low temperatures suppressed PgULT1, PgDOF3.4, and PgLHP1 expression, reducing these epigenetic marks and promoting flowering.
Conclusions:
- A cooperative mechanism between TrxG (PgULT1) and PcG (PgLHP1) epigenetic modifiers, alongside transcription factor PgDOF3.4, regulates flowering in Physalis grisea.
- This interaction network fine-tunes flowering time in response to low-temperature environmental cues.
- The study reveals novel insights into the interplay of epigenetic regulation and transcription factors in plant adaptation to temperature changes.
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