Attitudes toward cancer screening and its' associated factors: a cross-sectional study

Cancer is one of the leading public health challenges globally. Despite the availability of effective screening methods and treatments, participation in cancer screening programs remains low in many regions. Evidence suggests that individuals' attitudes toward screening significantly influence their participation. This study aimed to investigate attitudes toward cancer screening and its associated factors.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 450 individuals aged 30 to 70 years who visited comprehensive health centers in southern Tehran from September to December 2024. A multistage sampling method was used: one health center was randomly selected from each of the five districts, and eligible participants were consecutively recruited. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Persian version of the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening (ASCS-P15). Statistical analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation. A significance level of P < 0.05 was considered.

The median (interquartile range) of attitudes toward cancer screening was 63 (19.25), with a range of scores achieved from 16 to 75. Significant associations were found between attitude scores and gender, education level, monthly income, and family cancer history (P < 0.05). Men reported more positive attitudes compared with women. Participants with a family history of cancer also demonstrated significantly higher overall attitude scores than those without such a history. The "Willing Attitude" subscale was significantly associated with family cancer history, income, education, employment status, and age. The "Unwilling Attitude" subscale was linked to family cancer history, income, and using fast food (P < 0.05).

Although the overall attitude toward cancer screening was positive among the study population, low participation rates suggest that other barriers may exist. Future research should focus on identifying these barriers to improve the effectiveness and reach of screening programs.