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From X to Z: generational differences in ageism among Iranian nurses
Mohammad Mehdi Rajabi1, Mahsa Talesh2, Reza Negarandeh3
1Department of Pediatric Nursing and Neonatal Intensive Care, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Research Notes
|May 28, 2026
Summary
Younger nurses, particularly Generation Z, exhibit higher ageism. This study highlights generational differences in nurses' attitudes toward older patients, suggesting targeted interventions are needed to improve care quality.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Healthcare Professional Studies
- Sociology of Health
Background:
- Ageism, defined as discrimination based on age, negatively impacts healthcare quality and patient outcomes.
- Generational differences among healthcare providers may contribute to varying levels of ageism.
- Understanding these differences is crucial for developing effective interventions in nursing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate generational differences in ageism among nurses in Iran.
- To compare ageism levels across Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z nurses.
- To identify potential targets for interventions aimed at reducing ageism in nursing.
Main Methods:
- A correlational cross-sectional study involving 210 nurses in Tehran, Iran.
- Participants were stratified into three generational groups: Generation X (45-60), Generation Y (29-44), and Generation Z (22-28).
- Data collected via demographic questionnaire and a validated ageism scale; analyzed using ANOVA and hierarchical regression.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in total ageism scores were found across generational cohorts.
- Generation Z nurses reported the highest ageism scores (52.19±7.95), followed by Generation Y (45.93±5.96) and Generation X (43.71±7.90).
- Generation Z showed significantly higher ageism than Generations Y and X (P<0.001), with cohort being a significant predictor.
Conclusions:
- Generational cohort is a significant predictor of ageism among nurses, with Generation Z exhibiting higher scores.
- Targeted interventions, including geriatric education and communication skills training, are recommended for younger nurses.
- Further research is needed to explore underlying causes and develop strategies to mitigate ageism in nursing practice.
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