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Self-reflection and empathy in undergraduate nursing students: a network analysis
Weiwei Wu1, Caimin Lian2, Yaling Yang3
1School of Nursing, Fujian medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. viviwoo@126.com.
BMC Medical Education
|November 25, 2025
Summary
This study reveals that "perspective taking" is key for nursing students
Area of Science:
- Nursing Education
- Psychology
- Social Sciences
Background:
- Empathy is crucial for humanistic nursing care and needs development in nursing students.
- Self-reflection is a known precursor to empathy, but detailed interconnections are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the structural relationship between self-reflection and empathy in nursing students.
- To identify key dimensions of self-reflection and empathy using network analysis.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional online survey with 258 undergraduate nursing students.
- Utilized the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Nursing Student (CJSE-NS) and the Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS).
- Employed network analysis to map relationships between self-reflection and empathy constructs.
Main Results:
- Perspective taking was the most central node in the network.
- Insight acted as a crucial bridge node connecting self-reflection and empathy.
- A significant positive correlation was found between 'need for self-reflection' and 'walking in their shoes' (empathy).
Conclusions:
- The study elucidates complex links between self-reflection and empathy in nursing students.
- Identified central and bridge nodes offer potential targets for interventions to enhance empathy.
- Further research is needed to validate these findings through experimental studies.
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