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Related Concept Videos

Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Rapid Development of Cell State Identification Circuits with Poly-Transfection
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Building Ligand-Responsive Artificial Signaling Pathways Through Programmable Trans-Acting RNA Circuits in Mammalian

Chao-Qun Wu1, Hong-Jun Song1, Chu Dai1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 25, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a new RNA circuit system to create artificial signaling pathways (ASPs) in mammalian cells. This programmable system allows cells to respond to specific molecules, enabling customized cellular functions for diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
Artificial signaling pathwayCell engineeringGene manipulationRNA circuitTrans‐acting

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic biology
  • Molecular and cell biology
  • Genetic engineering

Background:

  • Synthetic RNA circuits offer potential for reprogramming cellular functions.
  • Engineering complex, ligand-induced signaling pathways in mammalian cells is challenging due to a lack of modular RNA components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a generalizable strategy for engineering ligand-responsive artificial signaling pathways (ASPs) in mammalian cells using programmable RNA circuits.

Main Methods:

  • Designed aptamer-embedded circular RNAs as trans-acting triggers.
  • Utilized controllable CRISPR functions as outputs.
  • Integrated programmable RNA circuits for logical and multiplexed signal transduction.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sensing and transduction of small molecules and proteins into manipulation of endogenous genes.
  • Engineered amplifiable, logical, and multiplexed RNA circuits.
  • Enabled state/type-specific cellular phenotype responses regulated by endogenous metabolites and proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Established a universal RNA platform for engineering ligand-induced ASPs in mammalian cells.
  • The system holds broad potential for cellular signaling and response engineering.
  • Applications include diagnostic and therapeutic advancements.