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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

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Maxillary Anterior Teeth Dimensions: A Biometric Analysis in a Kuwaiti Population.

Ahmad Alsahli¹, Mohammad Qali², Jagan Kumar Baskaradoss³

¹Department of General Dental Practice, College of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait.

Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry

|November 25, 2025

Summary

Maxillary anterior tooth dimensions vary significantly between sexes in the Kuwaiti population. Males have longer crowns, while females exhibit higher width/length ratios, necessitating population-specific dental esthetics data.

Keywords:

esthetic dentistry maxillary anterior teeth tooth dimensions width-to-length ratio

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Area of Science:

Dental Anthropology
Esthetic Dentistry
Restorative Dentistry

Background:

Maxillary anterior tooth dimensions are crucial for esthetic and restorative dental procedures.
Limited data exists for specific populations, and sex-related differences in tooth dimensions are often underreported.
Existing reference values may not be universally applicable.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the clinical crown width, length, and width/length ratio of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines in a Kuwaiti adult population.
To evaluate sex-related differences in these tooth dimensions.

Main Methods:

Obtained 3D resin models from 126 healthy adult participants (84 female, 42 male).
Measured mesiodistal width (w) and clinical crown length (l) using a digital caliper.
Calculated the width/length (w/l) ratio and assessed sex differences using independent sample t-tests.

Main Results:

Mean crown widths ranged from 6.83 ± 0.52 mm (laterals) to 8.83 ± 0.65 mm (centrals).
Mean crown lengths ranged from 8.00 ± 0.60 mm (laterals) to 9.83 ± 0.72 mm (centrals).
Statistically significant sex differences were found in crown length (p < 0.001) and w/l ratio (p < 0.001) for all anterior teeth, with males having longer crowns and females having higher w/l ratios.

Conclusions:

Ethnicity and sex significantly influence maxillary anterior tooth dimensions.
Females showed higher width/length ratios, while males had greater crown lengths and canine widths, indicating notable sexual dimorphism.
Population- and sex-specific reference values are essential for guiding esthetic and restorative dental treatments.