Construction of a shared-cathode closed bipolar electrode for type 2 diabetes mellitus preliminary screening

A shared-cathode closed bipolar electrode (SCC-BPE) sensor was designed to provide a simple, low-cost, and stable simultaneous platform for the detection of glucose, uric acid (UA), and cholesterol-potential markers for the preliminary screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus. First, the SCC-BPE consists of three anodes and one shared cathode. The SCC-BPE sequentially corresponds to the negative and positive driving eletrical conductors between the cathode and anode on the substrate. Three negative driving electro conductors are linked by a loop electro conductor to improve the detection efficiency. The anode serves as both a sensing and reporting channel. Second, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), the enzymatic reaction product of glucose, UA and cholesterol, as an inhibitor, can influence the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of the [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺/TPrA system on the anode. As a result, markers with high, medium and low concentrations can be accurately detected simultaneously. Moreover, by depositing three enzymes on each of the three anodes, a single SCC-BPE chip can simultaneously detect the three markers. Therefore, SCC-BPE chips show strong discriminatory power, yield robust and reliable outcomes, are stable, and have practical applications in and can be used for the preliminary screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus in human serum samples. Overall, the SCC-BPE foresees enormous potential for cost-effective multiplex detection applications in the described approach.