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Related Concept Videos

Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

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Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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Gate-Tunable Ionothermoelectric Cooling in a Solid-State Nanopore.

Makusu Tsutsui1, Kazumichi Yokota2, Wei-Lun Hsu3

  • 1SANKEN, The University of Osaka, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan.

ACS Nano
|November 25, 2025
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Summary

We demonstrate ionothermoelectric cooling using solid-state nanopores, an ionic Peltier effect. This electrically tunable method offers a new strategy for nanoscale thermal management in microelectronics.

Keywords:
Peltier effectheat dissipationnanoscale thermocoupleon-chip ionic refrigeration strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Thermoelectrics
  • Fluidics

Background:

  • Efficient heat dissipation is crucial for high-performance microelectronics.
  • Nanoscale thermal management presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate ionothermoelectric cooling using gate-tunable solid-state nanopores.
  • To explore the ionic analogue of the Peltier effect for active thermal management.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of nanoscale thermocouples with gate-tunable solid-state nanopores.
  • Quantitative mapping of local thermal responses to voltage-induced ion transport.
  • Modulation of ion transport and permselectivity via electrostatic gating.

Main Results:

  • Observation of ionic heating dependent on input power and ion species.
  • Demonstration of ionic cooling under salt concentration gradients due to directional cation transport.
  • Achieved reversible heating/cooling transitions with temperature drops exceeding 2 K via electrostatic gating.

Conclusions:

  • Ionothermoelectric cooling is a viable mechanism for active, electrically tunable thermal management in nanofluidic systems.
  • This approach can enhance heat-pumping efficiency in micro- and nanofluidic architectures.
  • Establishes a scalable on-chip ionic refrigeration strategy for next-generation semiconductor thermal control.