The Hue-Man Factor: An Empirical Evaluation of Visualization Perception and Accessibility Across Color Vision...

Area of Science:

• Data Visualization
• Human-Computer Interaction
• Perception

Background:

• Color is crucial for data visualization but poses challenges for individuals with color vision deficiencies (CVD).
• Existing accessibility solutions often rely on color correction or simulations, which may not fully capture the user experience.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate how individuals with and without CVD perceive real-world data visualizations.
• To understand the interpretive breakdowns and adaptive strategies employed by users with CVD.
• To develop evidence-based design recommendations for inclusive data visualization.

Main Methods:

• Three studies were conducted: rating visualizations by normal vision participants (Study 1), collecting responses from participants with diagnosed CVD (Study 2), and conducting in-depth interviews with CVD users (Study 3).
• Simulations of red/green colorblind versions were used alongside original visualizations.
• Factor analysis identified key perceptual dimensions, and qualitative data explored user experiences.

Main Results:

• Colorblindness simulations capture some perceptual shifts but miss critical interpretive breakdowns and emotional experiences reported by real CVD users.
• Two main perceptual dimensions emerged: functional utility and affective experience.
• CVD users prioritize structural cues and emotional resonance over color when it is unreliable, unlike normal vision users who focus on functional clarity.

Conclusions:

• Accessibility in data visualization requires more than just color correction; it necessitates structural clarity, redundant encoding, and layout scaffolding.
• Perceptual breakdowns occur due to color interference, missing redundant encoding, or lack of layout support.
• Inclusive design practices should incorporate real-user validation and focus on structural integrity alongside color considerations for effective visual communication.