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Monolayer Amorphous Carbon: Unlocking Disorder-Induced Lithiophilicity.

Lu Shi1, Hanning Zhang2, Artem K Grebenko3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.

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|November 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A monolayer amorphous carbon film uniformly enhances lithium binding on current collectors, enabling homogeneous lithium deposition for advanced anode-less batteries. This approach overcomes challenges posed by dendritic lithium growth.

Keywords:
amorphous carbonanode‐less batterieslithiophilic coatingslithium nucleationstructural disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Dendritic lithium growth on current collectors hinders anode-less battery development due to uneven lithium nucleation and surface lithiophilicity.
  • Current methods using interlayers often fail due to mechanical issues or inconsistent lithium affinity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of a monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC) film on lithium nucleation and deposition.
  • To establish intrinsic structural disorder as a strategy for designing uniformly lithiophilic current collectors.

Main Methods:

  • Growth of a monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC) film on copper current collectors.
  • Contact angle measurements to assess surface lithiophilicity.
  • Electrochemical tests to evaluate nucleation overpotential.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) for theoretical analysis.

Main Results:

  • MAC film exhibits significantly enhanced lithiophilicity with a low lithium contact angle (31 ± 5°).
  • Homogeneous lithium wetting and deposition observed on the MAC surface.
  • Reduced nucleation overpotential (28.9 mV at 0.5 mA cm⁻²) demonstrated.
  • DFT and STM confirm disorder-induced electron localization enhances lithium binding.

Conclusions:

  • Topological disorder in MAC films uniformly strengthens lithium binding through electron-rich sites.
  • Intrinsic structural disorder is an effective strategy for creating uniformly lithiophilic surfaces.
  • This approach offers a promising route for next-generation anode-less batteries.