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Effects of gravel columns on static and dynamic properties of sand: a laboratory investigation

Gui Yang1, Jiaxuan Gao2, Yiheng Zhang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China. ygheitu@163.com.

Scientific Reports
|November 25, 2025
PubMed

Keywords:
Damping ratioDynamic shear modulusDynamic strengthFailure stress ratioSand-gravel composite column

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