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Development and validation of digital resilience scale for primary and secondary school students

Qianqian Pan1, Min Lan2,3, Cheng Yong Tan4

  • 1Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

BMC Psychology
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
Digital resilienceMeasurement invariancePrimary school studentsScale developmentSecondary school studentsValidation

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