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Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis
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Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals CCL3+ Classical Monocyte Subset Linked to Autoimmune Pathogenesis.

Heng Xu1, Kai Yuan1, Guangyao Chen2

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Inflammation Research
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a new immune cell subset, CCL3+ classical monocytes (cMo), amplified in multiple autoimmune diseases. These inflammatory cMo cells may be a key therapeutic target for conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Keywords:
CCL3+ classical monocytesautoimmune diseasesmononuclear phagocytesprimary Sjogren’s syndromesingle-cell RNA sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Mononuclear macrophage differentiation states are critical in autoimmune disease development.
  • Understanding immune cell heterogeneity is key to advancing autoimmune disease treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize shared and disease-specific alterations in mononuclear macrophages across six autoimmune diseases.
  • To identify novel immune subsets involved in autoimmune pathogenesis.
  • To refine clinical treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from six autoimmune diseases.
  • Analyzed 350,043 peripheral blood immune cells from patients and healthy controls.
  • Validated findings using flow cytometry, immunohistochemical staining, and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

  • Identified fifteen mononuclear phagocyte subpopulations, including a novel CCL3+ classical monocyte (cMo) subset.
  • CCL3+ cMo cells were co-amplified in Behçet's disease, juvenile dermatomyositis, primary Sjogren's syndrome, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • These cells exhibit M1-like inflammatory characteristics, high chemotaxis, and crosstalk with CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions:

  • Delineated the mononuclear phagocyte landscape in autoimmune diseases.
  • Revealed CCL3+ cMo as a commonly amplified immune subset associated with multiple autoimmune diseases.
  • Nominated CCL3+ cMo as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune conditions.