Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Induction and Scoring of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Xenogeneic Murine Model and Quantification of Human T Cells in Mouse Tissues using Digital PCR
06:06

Induction and Scoring of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in a Xenogeneic Murine Model and Quantification of Human T Cells in Mouse Tissues using Digital PCR

Published on: May 23, 2019

7.5K

OMICS Analyses in Xenotransplantation: Initial Findings, Key Precautions, and Virus Infections

Joachim Denner1

  • 1Institute of Virology, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Xenotransplantation
|November 26, 2025
PubMed

OMICS analyses have the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of rejection and other processes in xenotransplantation. These approaches may therefore contribute to extending the survival time of xenotransplants. Initial OMICS studies in brain-dead patients following transplantation of pig kidneys or hearts revealed increased expression of genes associated with humoral immune responses. This included activation of monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as endothelial activation, complement activation, and T cell development. Such multimodal deep phenotyping has been proposed as a potential game-changer in the field of xenotransplantation. However, it is essential to consider that viral infections may significantly influence the results of these analyses. Viruses are known to alter gene expression patterns, not only within the immune system but also in endothelial cells and other tissue compartments. Depending on the type of virus, the immune response may either be stimulated-as the host reacts against the infection-or suppressed, in cases involving immunosuppressive viruses. Therefore, integration of comprehensive virus screening is essential in such studies.

Keywords:
OMICSrejectionviral infectionsxenotransplantation

More Related Videos

Quantification of Circulating Pig-Specific DNA in the Blood of a Xenotransplantation Model07:34

Quantification of Circulating Pig-Specific DNA in the Blood of a Xenotransplantation Model

Published on: September 22, 2020

4.4K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Cancer Therapeutics Using Tumor Xenotransplantation in Zebrafish06:10

Author Spotlight: Advancing Cancer Therapeutics Using Tumor Xenotransplantation in Zebrafish

Published on: July 12, 2024

1.8K

Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...