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Related Experiment Video

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Fit Accuracy of Plate-Type Retainers Fabricated Using Dental CAD/CAM Systems: A Controlled In Vitro Comparison Using

Kosuke Nomi1, So Koizumi1, Masatoshi Shimura2

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.

Dentistry Journal
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) retainers offer superior fit accuracy compared to conventional retainers. This digital fabrication method may improve retainer fit by accounting for material shrinkage, enhancing patient outcomes.

Keywords:
3D triple-scan protocolCAD/CAM retainerconventional retainerfit accuracyimpression replica technique

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Area of Science:

  • Dental materials science
  • Orthodontic technology
  • Biomaterials engineering

Background:

  • Accurate retainer fit is crucial for maintaining orthodontic treatment results.
  • Conventional retainers fabricated with cold-curing resin may exhibit inaccuracies due to polymerization shrinkage.
  • Advancements in digital dentistry offer potential improvements in fabricating custom oral appliances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the fit accuracy of conventional retainers versus three-dimensional (3D) printed CAD/CAM retainers.
  • To evaluate and compare two distinct methods for assessing retainer fit accuracy: the impression replica technique and the 3D triple-scan protocol.

Main Methods:

  • Fabricated conventional and CAD/CAM retainers on 20 maxillary typodont models.
  • Assessed fit accuracy using the impression replica technique and the 3D triple-scan protocol at 12 measurement points.
  • Analyzed gap thickness differences using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Main Results:

  • CAD/CAM retainers demonstrated significantly superior fit accuracy compared to conventional retainers across both evaluation methods (p < 0.001).
  • The 3D triple-scan protocol revealed significant variations in fit accuracy across different regions (anterior, canine, molar).
  • Median gap thickness for CAD/CAM retainers (0.136 mm) was smaller than for conventional retainers (0.169 mm).

Conclusions:

  • CAD/CAM retainers exhibit enhanced fit accuracy over conventional retainers, potentially due to digital design compensating for polymerization shrinkage.
  • The 3D triple-scan protocol provides precise, site-specific fit accuracy data, highlighting regional differences.
  • Digital fabrication technologies like CAD/CAM show promise for improving the precision of orthodontic retainers.