Biomechanical Influence of Different Cervical Micro-Thread Forms over Narrow-Diameter Implants (2.9 mm) Using Finite...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Engineering
• Dental Implantology
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) are crucial for areas with limited bone volume.
• The cervical region of implants is a stress concentration zone affecting long-term stability.
• Implant thread design significantly influences stress distribution and bone response.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of varying thread forms and face angles on stress and strain in NDIs.
• To determine optimal thread parameters for enhanced mechanical performance and bone integration.
• To analyze stress distribution in the implant-bone interface and peri-implant bone tissue.

Main Methods:

• Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model nine NDI designs with varied thread forms and face angles.
• Models were implanted into Type III bone and subjected to 100 N vertical and oblique occlusal forces.
• Biomechanical evaluation included von Mises stress, maximum equivalent elastic strain, and abutment stress.

Main Results:

• Optimal thread face angles varied by thread group: 60° for RB, 45° for B, and 30° for V threads.
• These optimized angles reduced stress concentrations at the bone-implant interface.
• Improved strain distribution was observed in the peri-implant bone tissue with optimized designs.

Conclusions:

• Thread form and face angle are critical factors in NDI biomechanical performance.
• Tailoring thread parameters to specific designs can optimize stress distribution and enhance implant stability.
• This research provides valuable insights for designing more robust NDIs.