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Seaweed Polysaccharides: A Rational Approach for Food Safety Studies.

João Cotas1,2, Mariana Lourenço2, Artur Figueirinha3,4

  • 1CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Science for People & Planet, Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology-Marine Algae Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.

Marine Drugs
|November 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine seaweed polysaccharides like carrageenan require standardized safety evaluations due to structural variations. Further research into their digestion and metabolism is crucial for ensuring food safety and regulatory approval.

Keywords:
INFOGESTagaralginatecarrageenandigestionquality control systems

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Marine macroalgae yield bioactive polysaccharides (agar, carrageenan, alginate) used widely as food additives.
  • Structural heterogeneity in seaweed polysaccharides impacts bioactivity and gastrointestinal interactions.
  • Existing safety data for these compounds, especially carrageenan, has gaps and ambiguities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of seaweed polysaccharide safety and identify knowledge gaps.
  • To emphasize the need for standardized digestion models and analytical tools.
  • To support evidence-based regulatory frameworks for safe human consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on physicochemical behavior, digestion, and metabolism of seaweed polysaccharides.
  • Analysis of existing safety data and identification of ambiguities, particularly for carrageenan.
  • Discussion of integrated analytical tools and multidisciplinary approaches.

Main Results:

  • Significant gaps exist in understanding the physicochemical behavior of seaweed polysaccharides.
  • Partial absorption and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract lead to various metabolites.
  • Carrageenan safety remains debated due to inconsistent research findings.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized digestion assays and integrated analytical tools are essential for thorough safety evaluation.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are needed to assess molecular integrity, metabolism, and biological impact.
  • Ensuring the safety of seaweed polysaccharides supports robust food safety and security regulations.