Integrated approach for sustainable management and control of Kyasanur forest disease in alignment with sustainable...

Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) is a highly pathogenic tick-borne flavivirus that is endemic to India, primarily affecting rural communities in forested regions. The virus is transmitted through the bite of infected Haemaphysalis spinigera ticks, leading to a severe febrile illness characterized by symptoms that can range from mild to life-threatening. In approximately 20 % of cases, patients exhibit biphasic symptoms, which can progress to serious complications, including encephalitis and hemorrhagic manifestations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical presentation of Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), examining its geographical distribution and the risk factors associated with transmission. It highlights the complex interplay between environmental factors, tick ecology, and human behavior that contributes to the spread of the disease. Additionally, the review underscores the urgent need for further research focused on understanding the biphasic nature of KFD, which remains poorly characterized. It also calls for the development of cost-effective diagnostic tools as well as the creation of new vaccines to protect at-risk populations. Developing a rapid diagnostic kit for KFD, coupled with a mobile app for data collection and analysis, can streamline surveillance efforts, enabling real-time monitoring of outbreaks and facilitating timely public health responses in affected regions. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of KFD is crucial for enhancing disease management strategies and implementing effective prevention measures to reduce the incidence and impact of this significant public health threat. This is the first comprehensive study to establish the alignment of KFDV research with SDGs. The study aligns with multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 15 (Life on Land), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals), by addressing KFDV through improved diagnostics, vaccination, ecological understanding, technological innovation, and collaborative public health strategies.