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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Entanglement-enhanced nanoscale single-spin sensing.

Xu Zhou1,2, Mengqi Wang1,3, Xiangyu Ye1

  • 1Laboratory of Spin Magnetic Resonance, School of Physical Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Scientific Instrument Development and Application, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.

Nature
|November 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an entanglement-enhanced sensing protocol using entangled nitrogen-vacancy (NV) pairs. This method significantly improves sensitivity and spatial resolution for detecting individual spins, even metastable states, in quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum sensing
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum chemistry

Background:

  • Detecting individual spins is crucial for quantum sensing, with applications in physics and chemistry.
  • Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are effective nanoscale sensors but face limitations from noise and sensing volume.
  • Current methods struggle with detecting both stable and metastable spin states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate an entanglement-enhanced sensing protocol to overcome limitations of single NV centers.
  • To improve sensitivity and spatial resolution for single-spin detection.
  • To enable the resolution of metastable single-spin dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing entangled pairs of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond.
  • Engineering specific entangled states to amplify spin signals via quantum interference.
  • Suppressing environmental noise through the entanglement protocol.
  • Analyzing state-dependent coupling strengths to observe spin transitions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 3.4-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared to single NV centers.
  • Improved spatial resolution by a factor of 1.6 under ambient conditions.
  • Successfully resolved metastable single-spin dynamics by observing stochastic transitions.
  • Demonstrated simultaneous detection of static and dynamic spin species.

Conclusions:

  • Entanglement-enhanced sensing with NV pairs offers a viable pathway beyond single-sensor limitations.
  • The protocol provides a dual capability for detecting both static and dynamic spin species.
  • This advancement paves the way for atomic-scale characterization of quantum materials and interfaces.