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  1. Home
  3. Comparison Of The Information Of Generative Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models And Professional Guidelines Regarding Nutritional Advice For Orthodontic Patients.
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  3. Comparison Of The Information Of Generative Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models And Professional Guidelines Regarding Nutritional Advice For Orthodontic Patients.

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Comparison of the information of generative artificial intelligence large language models and professional guidelines

Tevhide Sokmen1, İrem Kar2, Cumhur Tuncer3

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey. tevhidesokmen@gazi.edu.tr.

BMC Oral Health
|November 27, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceChatGPTCopilotGeminiLarge language models (LLMs)LeafletNutritionOrthodontics

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Large language models (LLMs) offer understandable orthodontic nutritional advice but lack detail compared to professional guidelines. Patients should consult orthodontists for personalized information due to LLM readability challenges.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Evaluating the credibility of AI-generated nutritional advice for orthodontic patients.
  • Comparing large language models (LLMs) against established orthodontic society guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess the accuracy and reliability of LLM responses on orthodontic nutrition.
  • Analyze the readability and comprehensibility of AI-generated health information.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed ChatGPT 4.0, Copilot, and Gemini responses against AAO and BOS guidelines.
  • Utilized DISCERN tool for reliability and Flesch scores for readability.
  • Compared information credibility on diet, oral hygiene, and risks.

Main Results:

  • LLMs provided understandable but less detailed information than guidelines.
  • BOS and AAO guidelines were more readable than LLM outputs.
  • No significant difference in DISCERN scores, but LLM readability was challenging.

Conclusions:

  • AI-LLMs offer accessible orthodontic nutritional information but require caution.
  • Professional guidelines provide superior detail and justification for recommendations.
  • Orthodontic patients should prioritize personalized advice from their orthodontists.