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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

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Correction: Coulter et al. OrgTRx: A Platform Developed in Queensland for the Extraction and Visualisation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Data for the Surveillance of Resistance in Microorganisms. <i>Antibiotics</i> 2026, <i>15</i>, 63.

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Antibiotics for Intra-Abdominal Infections: When, Which, How and How Long?

Massimo Sartelli1, Miriam Palmieri1, Francesco M Labricciosa2

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) require prompt source control and appropriate antibiotic therapy. This review guides optimal antibiotic selection, timing, and duration for managing IAIs and combating antimicrobial resistance.

Keywords:
antibiotic therapyantimicrobial resistanceintra-abdominal infectionssurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical infections
  • Infectious diseases
  • Antimicrobial stewardship

Background:

  • Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) present significant clinical challenges, ranging from appendicitis to peritonitis.
  • Effective management necessitates rapid diagnosis, source control, and judicious antibiotic use.
  • Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global threat, particularly with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance on the appropriate use of antibiotics in patients with IAIs.
  • To address key aspects of antibiotic management: when to use, which to select, how to manage, and duration of therapy.
  • To emphasize the importance of appropriate antibiotic prescribing in mitigating resistance and improving patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes current evidence and clinical guidelines.
  • It focuses on critical decision-making points in antibiotic therapy for IAIs.
  • The review addresses the spectrum, timing, dosage, and duration of antibiotic administration.

Main Results:

  • Appropriate antibiotic selection and administration are vital for successful IAI treatment.
  • Judicious use reduces risks of opportunistic infections like Clostridioides difficile.
  • Effective antibiotic stewardship is crucial in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing antibiotic use in IAIs is essential for patient safety and treatment efficacy.
  • This review offers a framework for clinicians to navigate antibiotic choices in IAI management.
  • Addressing antibiotic stewardship is critical to combatting the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.