Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Subdomains of executive function correlate with accuracy on a change detection task.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026

Same author

Evolving Sweet Preferences: Temporal Trends in Australian Non-Alcoholic Beverage Sales from 1997 to 2024.

Nutrients·2026

Same author

Limited Microvascular Remodelling Occurs in the Aged Human Hippocampus in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

Managing micronutrients in metabolic and bariatric surgery: A mixed methods study of Australian dietitians' practice and perspectives.

Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia·2025

Same author

A Triple Mystery of Insidious Organ Failure: Are the Lung, Kidney and Brain All Damaged by the Ageing Pulse?

Biomedicines·2024

Same author

Effects of Different Cow-Milk Beta-Caseins on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Narrative Review of Preclinical, Animal, and Human Studies.

Nutrition reviews·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Aeronutrient Therapy: A New Frontier in Systemic Drug Delivery.

Stephen R Robinson^1,2, Malav S Trivedi³, Flávia Fayet-Moore^4,5

¹School of Health & Biological Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.

|November 27, 2025

Summary

Inhaled micronutrients, or aeronutrients, can be absorbed by the lungs to treat deficiencies. This novel therapy shows promise, but requires regulation and further research for safe application.

Keywords:

aeronutrient therapy aerosol inhalation micronutrient mineral vitamin

More Related Videos

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes

Published on: July 23, 2016

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Published on: November 10, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes

Published on: July 23, 2016

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Pulmonary medicine
Nutritional science
Pharmacology

Background:

Micronutrient deficiencies affect a significant global population due to poor diet or malabsorption.
Dietary intake is the primary source of essential vitamins and trace minerals.
Alternative delivery routes for micronutrients are being explored.

Purpose of the Study:

To review evidence for airborne micronutrients (aeronutrients) absorption via the lungs.
To assess the potential of inhaled micronutrients for therapeutic applications.
To differentiate medical aeronutrient therapy from unregulated wellness products.

Main Methods:

Narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies.
Examination of evidence for lung absorption of inhaled iodine and vitamins A, B12, and D.
Analysis of randomized controlled trials on inhaled vitamin and mineral preparations.

Main Results:

Inhaled vitamin B12 effectively treats pernicious anemia with high bioavailability.
Inhaled vitamin A successfully restores serum levels in children with retinol deficiency.
Inhaled preparations of vitamins A, B12, magnesium, and zinc are well-tolerated and safe.

Conclusions:

Aeronutrient therapy offers potential for treating nutritional deficits, especially in patients with malabsorption.
Pulmonary delivery of micronutrients requires a regulatory framework due to potential toxicity.
Categorizing aeronutrient formulations as prescription drugs with monitoring is recommended for safety.