Clinical Management of Patients with Heart Failure-2nd Edition

Heart failure (HF) is a complex pathology, being a consequence of multiple and intricated pathophysiological mechanisms that seldom occur on their own in the absence of other pathologies In the majority of cases, HF represents the outcome of other associated pathologies (coronary artery disease, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, chronic kidney disease, neurologic disorders) that coexist with HF, creating a vicious circle in which each disease is aggravated by the others [...].