Plant-Derived Modifiers for Antimicrobial Soft Denture Liners: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Mycology
• Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

• Denture-associated candidiasis is a common oral infection caused by Candida albicans.
• Commercial soft lining materials (SLMs) can harbor microbial growth, necessitating antifungal strategies.
• Plant-derived compounds offer a promising avenue for developing bioactive SLMs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review strategies for enhancing the antifungal properties of SLMs using natural compounds.
• To evaluate the impact of these modifications on SLM mechanical properties and surface characteristics.
• To identify limitations and future research directions for bioactive SLMs.

Main Methods:

• Review of studies incorporating plant-derived oils, extracts, and powders into SLMs.
• Assessment of antifungal mechanisms, including cell membrane disruption and biofilm inhibition.
• Evaluation of mechanical properties (hardness, strength) and surface roughness.

Main Results:

• Several plant sources (e.g., aloe, neem, tea tree) demonstrated consistent inhibition of Candida albicans.
• Most modified SLMs retained acceptable mechanical integrity and exhibited improved surface smoothness.
• Antifungal mechanisms involve disrupting fungal cell membranes and inhibiting biofilm formation.

Conclusions:

• Modification of SLMs with natural compounds is a viable strategy to combat denture-associated candidiasis.
• Further research is needed to address compound leaching, standardize testing, and conduct in vivo and cytotoxicity assessments.
• Development of sustained-release systems is crucial for clinical reliability and efficacy of next-generation bioactive SLMs.