Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Animals: Therapeutics, Conservation, and Farming

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is increasingly used in both human and veterinary settings to restore gut microbiota and promote health. Advances in sequencing technologies and microbiome analysis have expanded our understanding of microbial communities and enabled broader FMT applications. As insights grow into what constitutes a healthy microbiome, interest in using FMT across a range of animal contexts has also increased. This narrative review highlights recent progress in the use of FMT to improve the welfare of farm animals, manage infectious and chronic conditions in companion animals, and support the health of wildlife in conservation and reintroduction programs. Representative examples from each domain are discussed.